Anxiety
Anxiety is a spontaneous and natural emotion in all of us. It’s normal to feel anxious before a job interview, when taking an exam, or when faced with a difficult decision. Spontaneous and natural anxiety drives us to take action, keeping us focused and diligent in our pursuits.
However, when worry, apprehension, and fear reach excessive levels, even in the absence of a real danger, the individual begins to experience pathological anxiety or an anxiety disorder, which has a multifactorial nature.
Panic attacks
Panic attacks are one of the different types of anxiety disorders. They appear suddenly without an apparent cause, regardless of the time or place.
Anxiety
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 264 million people worldwide live with anxiety disorders.
(Source: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders – World Health Organization 2017).
Pathological anxiety is characterized by feelings of worry, apprehension, and fear that reach excessive levels, even in the absence of real danger or threat. Pathological anxiety or anxiety disorder has a multifactorial nature with an impact on an individual’s social development and cognitive functioning.
Causes
We can mention some causes:
- Workplace competition, perfectionism
- Physiological causes due to brain or hormonal chemical abnormalities
- Adverse life circumstances such as health problems, financial issues, stress
- Substance abuse
- Childhood traumas
- Need for acceptance and concern about what others think of oneself
Physical and Psychological Symptoms
Some physical and psychological symptoms include:
- Rapid heartbeat
- Shortness of breath and increased respiratory rate
- Insecurity, irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Exaggerated reactions and worries
- Difficulty swallowing, nausea, dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Restlessness, insomnia
- Shyness and social phobia
- Tremors, muscle spasms
Panic attacks
Panic attacks occur suddenly without an apparent cause, regardless of the time or place. During a panic attack, the individual loses awareness of their surroundings, leading to changes in their behavior, such as social isolation and a fear of leaving their home.
Symptoms
Here are some symptoms:
- Rapid heartbeat
- Fainting
- Fear of dying
- Fear of going crazy
- Chills
- Shortness of breath
- Tingling sensations in the body
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Chest pain
- Fear of losing control
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